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ГлавнаяАнглийский языкЕГЭ по английскому языкуВариант 1
#4801

ЕГЭ по английскому языку

Вариант 1

Раздел 1. Аудирование


1

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Запись можно прослушать дважды.

Запись для прослушивания

показать текст

1. Snacks may help you handle your negative emotions.
2. Having snacks can have a lot of advantages.
3. Snacks are a way out when you’re under pressure.
4. All snacks are unhealthy and lead to weight problems.
5. A snack may be a reward for some achievements.
6. It’s possible to have a healthy snack.
7. Some people have snacks because they’re bored.

Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

Ответ:

ГоворящийУтверждение
A
B
C
D
E
F

2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Запись можно прослушать дважды.

Запись для прослушивания

показать текст

A. Jane spent a month in Italy.
B. Jane and her parents had a lazy vacation in Italy.
C. Jane knows some facts about the history of Pompeii.
D. Jane got to Pompeii by bus.
E. Jane thinks the ticket to Pompeii wasn’t expensive.
F. Jane is always lucky to have good guides.
G. Peter is going to Italy next summer.

Ответ:

УтверждениеСоответствие диалогу
A
B
C
D
E
F
G

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Запись можно прослушать дважды.

Запись для прослушивания

показать текст

3

What do we learn about Eva James at the beginning of the interview?

1) She’s been a singer for 15 years.
2) She never got a formal musical education.
3) She is internationally famous.

Ответ:


4

For Eva, starting a career as a teenager was …

1) quite easy.
2) challenging.
3) pleasant.

Ответ:


5

Eva thinks other people’s critical remarks are …

1) natural.
2) destructive.
3) helpful.

Ответ:


6

Eva’s new album is NOT about …

1) finding your place in the world.
2) shaping adequate self-esteem.
3) difficulties of the modern world.

Ответ:


7

Eva started to write songs because it was …

1) a form of self-therapy.
2) a topic to discuss with her friends.
3) her homework at school.

Ответ:


8

Eva thinks strong people NEVER …

1) cry in the presence of others.
2) talk about their problems.
3) hide their real feelings.

Ответ:


9

Speaking about the entertainment industry today, Eva says that …

1) there’s more gender inequality there than ever before.
2) it is still not very easy for a woman to work in.
3) women occupy most powerful positions there.

Ответ:


Раздел 2. Чтение


10

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Humans cause harm
2. Where is the taiga found?
3. Clever habits
4. Adding two more
5. Young and beautiful
6. Surviving flora
7. What’s the weather like?
8. Native people’s habits

A. The taiga biome stretches across the Northern Hemisphere. It takes in large areas of North America and Eurasia, especially Canada and Russia, respectively. It also spans across Alaska and Scandinavia. The taiga biome occupies about 27 % of the Earth’s surface. It is located south of the tundra biome, which is characterized by a frozen land and constant snow. Because of its location, the taiga biome is rather cold. It is to the north of the temperate forests and grasslands, which are much warmer.

B. There are cold winds that blow cold Arctic air into the taiga biome, making it very cold most of the year. Therefore, this climate is called the subarctic climate. The earth rotates around the sun annually. Due to the tilt of the sun, the taiga biome faces away from the sun, resulting in long snowy winters, which are extremely cold. Another effect is that there is less radiation from the sun to heat the land up. For these reasons, the summer is barely three months long, and the winter is double that.

C. The taiga is home to various species of plants. These plants are used to an extremely cold climate and mainly consist of coniferous trees, evergreens, and spruces. The absence of sunlight in the biome is an important factor, which means plants must have adaptable leaves. The evergreens have green leaves throughout the year, so they have enough food due to the presence of chlorophyll in their leaves. They keep the same leaves for a very long time, enabling them to use minimal solar energy.

D. There is a limit to the number of animals that can survive in the taiga, due to the cold temperatures. Still, there are many animal species, including mammals, birds, and insect species. Like the taiga plants, animals in the biome must have adaptive features to survive in this climate. During the summer, more animals are in sight than during the winter. This is because most of them either migrate to warmer biomes where they can cope easily, especially for birds, or spend the winter sleeping until the next summer season.

E. Surprisingly, there are six seasons, as identified by the native people of the boreal forest or taiga. The seasons are spring, break-up, summer, autumn, freeze-up, and winter. The period in October, when the trees lose their leaves and the lakes become frozen, is known as freeze-up. This period occurs after autumn and ends when winter starts. The other period is when the snow melts, and the ground looks bare. This season is called the break-up season and may last quite long – until all the ice in the lakes has melted.

F. Compared to certain trees that grow in more temperate climates, most of the trees in the boreal forest or taiga are young. Forests are typically less than 100 years old throughout the western boreal zone, and mainly younger than 200 years old in the eastern boreal zone. Due to frequent natural disasters that are the result of an ecological loop that renews the boreal forest, scientists do not believe this amazing forest to be ancient. But they all agree that it is the largest biome on land.

G. The boreal forest contributes greatly to the earth’s oxygen supply by collecting carbon dioxide produced by people. It helps a lot in the preservation of the ozone layer thanks to its green vegetation. However, human activities such as deforestation are destroying the boreal forest’s structure. When a tree is harmed, it takes a long time to grow back, because the biome has an extremely slow growth rate. That’s why the boreal forest has drawn the attention of the environment protection specialists worldwide.

Ответ:

ТекстЗаголовок
A
B
C
D
E
F
G

11

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя.

Reusable bags

 Using fewer resources and producing less waste are issues not only for big corporations and factories to worry about. Each of us can make a big difference in how we impact the environment. People can continue to consume excessively and create billions of pounds of waste each year, A _______________________ a more environmentally-friendly lifestyle.

 Plastic bags do not easily decompose, and they contribute to the pollution of nature. A plastic bag can take from 15 to 1,000 years to break down, depending on the environment. Moreover, the cost of recycling plastic bags outweighs their value. This is another reason B _______________________ to landfill sites. This results in huge piles of garbage C _______________________, releasing bad smells throughout the day and serving as a distraction for tourists.

 It is high time for us to use alternative sources, so as to reduce the impact of plastic bags on the environment. One such change is to get rid of plastic bags and use reusable bags.

 There are many reasons D _______________________, and it is necessary to switch to reusable bags. A lot of oil and natural gas go into the production of plastic bags, which are not recyclable. Choosing reusable bags saves on these natural resources and protects the environment. Besides, the nature around us is polluted by plastic bags E _______________________ or get into animals’ homes. Sometimes animals try to eat these bags, thinking they are part of nature, F _______________________.

1. because they often fly away into trees
2. or they can make changes to adopt
3. why plastic bags are not ideal at all
4. because they want to protect nature
5. which may simply lead to their death
6. why most plastic bags find their way
7. that can be easily seen across the city

Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

Ответ:

A
B
C
D
E
F

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.


Regular exercise

 Only a few lifestyle choices have as large an impact on your health as physical activity. But many face a problem of keeping up regular exercise. What are some of the tricks?

 At first, you can keep it short and sharp. My personal trainer, Robert, says a workout doesn’t have to take an hour: “A well-structured 15-minute workout can be really effective if you really are pressed for time.” As for regular, longer sessions, he says: “You tell yourself you’re going to make time and change your schedule accordingly.”

 My rule is: if it doesn’t work, change it. For example, it rains for a week, you don’t go running once and then you feel guilty. It’s a combination of emotion and lack of confidence that brings us to the point where, if people fail a few times, they think it’s a failure of the entire project. Remember it’s possible to get back on track.

 If previous exercise regimes haven’t worked, don’t beat yourself up or try them again – just try something else. We tend to be in the mindset that if you can’t lose weight, you blame it on yourself. However, if you could change that to: “This method doesn’t work for me, let’s try something different,” there is a chance it will be better for you and it prevents you having to blame yourself, which is not helpful.

 “We start to lose muscle mass over the age of around 30,” says Hollie Grant, a personal-training instructor. Resistance training (which is using body weight, such as press-ups, or equipment, such as resistance bands) is important, she says: “It is going to help keep muscle mass or at least slow down the loss. There needs to be some form of aerobic exercise, too, and we would also recommend people start adding balance challenges because our balance is affected as we get older.”

 My second rule is raising the ante. If you do 5-km runs and you don’t know if you should push faster or go further, rate your exertion from one to 10. As you see those numbers go down, that’s when you should start pushing yourself a bit faster. Robert says that, with regular exercise, you should be seeing progress over a two-week period and pushing yourself if you feel it is getting easier. You’re looking for a change in your speed, endurance, or strength.

 Another shortcut to regular exercise is to work out from home. If you have caring responsibilities, you can do a lot within a small area at home. In a living room, it is easy to do a routine where you might alternate between doing a leg exercise and an arm exercise. “It’s called Peripheral Heart Action training and involves doing six or eight exercises for upper and lower body. This effect of going between the upper and lower body produces a pretty strong metabolism lift and cardiovascular workout,” Robert says. Try squats, half press-ups, lunges, dips and raises. You’re raising your heart rate, working your muscles, and having a good general workout. These take no more than 15–20 minutes and only require a chair for some exercises.

 And what about doing chores? We are often told that housework and gardening can contribute to our weekly exercise targets, but is it that simple? “The measure really is you’re getting generally hot, out of breath, and you’re working at a level where, if you have a conversation with somebody while you’re doing it, you’re puffing a bit,” says Robert. With gardening, you’d have to be doing the heavier gardening – digging – and not just weeding. If you’re walking the dog, you can make it into a genuine exercise session – run with the dog, or find a route that includes some hills.

 So, I think everyone can do exercise regularly and experience the health benefits of physical activity – age, abilities, ethnicity, shape, or size do not matter.


12

The purpose of the text is to ...

1) explain how not to give up exercising.
2) share the author’s experience of exercising.
3) discuss the health benefits of exercise.
4) give advice on different types of exercise.

Ответ:


13

What is the best summary of the advice given in paragraph 2?

1) Put regular exercise into your schedule on the phone.
2) It’s vital to make a plan for an efficient workout.
3) A trainer can make your time exercising more effective.
4) A short workout is better than a longer session.

Ответ:


14

The author’s message in paragraphs 3 and 4 is that …

1) if you fail to do exercise once, it’s likely you’ll give up.
2) being passionate and confident leads you to success.
3) if you fail in some exercise plan, try it again later.
4) testing various ways of exercising will help you stick to it.

Ответ:


15

Which is FALSE about training recommendations after the age of 30, according to the text?

1) The combination of different types of exercise works best.
2) It’s better to avoid balance exercises because of age changes.
3) Without regular exercise your muscle mass will decrease.
4) Adding training with body weight or special tools is vital.

Ответ:


16

The expression raising the ante in “My second rule is raising the ante” (paragraph 6) is closest in meaning to …

1) noticing progress.
2) checking with equipment.
3) increasing the level.
4) changing your attitude.

Ответ:


17

According to the author, doing exercise at home is …

1) possible with a good personal trainer.
2) convenient for busy people.
3) hardly enough on a regular basis.
4) more comfortable than at a gym.

Ответ:


18

It is implied that household chores …

1) are better done with somebody else.
2) are more difficult than exercising.
3) should be intensive to count as exercise.
4) can hardly contribute to workout.

Ответ:


Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика


Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст / приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, выделенные слова в строках 19–24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Каждое слово соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–24.


19

Mysterious places in Russia

Russia has a lot of mysterious places. One of them is Karandash, which means a pencil in Russian. It is a small mountain in the southern Urals. Despite being only 610 metres tall, it is very important for scientists because it holds the title of being the mountain in the world.


20

It to be about 4.2 billion years old whereas our planet is about 4.75 billion years old.


21

So far, scientists some interesting minerals in Karandash which prove that this mountain used to be a part of the supercontinent that existed 2 billion years ago. Another place is Manpupunyor. It may be hard to pronounce the name of this mysterious plateau, but this place is one of the top attractions of Russia for curious tourists.


22

The name of the plateau is translated from a local language as The Small Mountain of Idols. Six rock formations from 30 to 42 meters tall stand in a row, while the one stands alone.


23

According to a legend, seven rocks were giant men who wanted to conquer the locals.


24

However, they into stones by a shaman ages ago.


Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от выделенных слов в строках 25–29 однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Каждое слово соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 25–29.


25

From the history of libraries

The first libraries appeared in around 2600 BC in Sumer. There were no paper books at that time – people used clay tablets. They were stored in in special rooms.


26

Such rooms were located in temples.


27

However, more and more information needed to be stored, that is why people decided they needed separate for the clay tablets and later for manuscripts.


28

Around 500 BC libraries stored not only orders and records, but also works on mathematics, history, astronomy, philosophy and medicine.


29

Libraries of the ancient Roman Empire had manuscripts of the best scholars of that time, so an early form of a catalogue system was introduced and librarians were needed.


Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30–36. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 30–36, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.


Sandy

 Sandy called Dan Atkins the following week, to give Berta Canning, her literary agent, plenty of time to get in touch with him and send him the manuscript he could read. She hoped he would 30  to help her to edit her first book. And when Dan Atkins answered, he seemed as though she’d woken him out of a sound sleep. She 31  profusely, and he didn’t sound happy to hear from her. There was a long silence and then he told Sandy to come on Saturday. He explained that he lived near the university campus where he 32  to teach. She wasn’t looking forward to meeting him, but she didn’t want Berta to be angry with her either. So, she bicycled over to his address on Saturday. When Sandy got there, he took forever to answer the bell. She was 33  about to leave when he opened the door.

 She followed him upstairs to a large living room that would have been lovely if he tidied it once in a while. There were stacks of books everywhere, a pile of papers, a mountain of manuscripts on the desk and half eaten food on the coffee table. He obviously lived alone and needed a housekeeper desperately. He was as untidy as his living room. He had a long, unkempt beard, a mane of wild white hair that 34  Sally of Albert Einstein. He was wearing jeans, a sweater with holes in it, and tennis shoes. Sandy could 35  figure out his age. He seemed to be about seventy, 36  Berta told her later that he was only sixty. He said that he liked her book.


Раздел 4. Письменная речь


37

You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Chris:

From: Chris@mail.uk
To: Russian_friend@ege.ru
Subject: Russian science
…Yesterday our school teacher told us a lot about Russian scientific inventions. What is the most famous Russian invention? Why is it important to study science at school? What Russian scientist do you think a foreigner should learn about, and why?
…I’ve just bought a present for my brother…

Write an email to Chris.
In your message:
– answer his questions;
– ask 3 questions about the present.

Write 100–140 words.
Remember the rules of email writing.

Ответ:

From: Russian_friend@ege.ru
To: Chris@mail.uk
Subject: Re: Russian science
Dear Chris,
That's a topic! I think the most famous Russian invention is the by Mendeleev. It's important to study science because it helps us how the world works. A foreigner should learn about , the father of astronautics.
about the present! you buy? for a special occasion? like surprises?
to your reply!
,
Dmitry

38

Imagine that you are doing a project on why many young Zetlanders choose to major in the humanities. You have found some data on the subject – the results of a survey conducted among young Zetlanders (see the table below).

Comment on the survey data and give your opinion on the subject of the project.

The survey question:
Why have you chosen to major in the humanities?
Choose one option
OptionsNumber of respondents (%)
Love for creativity37
Interesting subjects28
Public significance20
Variety of jobs upon graduation9
Personal fulfilment6

Write 200–250 words.

Use the following plan:
– make an opening statement on the subject of the project;
– select and report 2–3 facts;
– make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;
– outline a problem that can arise with studying the humanities and suggest a way of solving it;
– conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of choosing the right profession.

Ответ:

Выбери верный вариант:

I.

So, the project is about why people study humanities. I think it’s a good choice. Look at the table: 37% love creativity, 28% find subjects interesting, 20% care about society, 9% want different jobs, and 6% seek personal fulfilment. That’s all the numbers. I agree that creativity is important.

A big problem for humanities students is that they have to read a lot of books, which is tiring. The solution is to give them more breaks during lectures. Also, sometimes it’s hard to find a job, but maybe they can work in an office.

Choosing a profession is very important because you will work for many years. You should like what you do. Money is also good to have. So, think carefully and maybe listen to your parents’ advice.

II.

The survey conducted among young Zetlanders provides interesting data on their educational preferences. The main reason for choosing humanities, according to 37%, is a love for creativity. Interestingly, 20% selected public significance, which shows their altruism. What surprises me is that only 6% chose personal fulfilment. I would have expected this number to be higher.

Comparing this to other fields, like engineering, we see that engineers often choose their major for high salaries, which is not a priority for humanities students. This makes humanities specialists more idealistic.

The primary problem facing these students is the low prestige of humanities in modern society. Many people consider such degrees useless. To solve this, we need a large-scale government advertising campaign to promote the value of humanities for cultural development.

In my opinion, the importance of choosing the right profession is overrated. Many people work outside their specialty and are successful. The key is to get any higher education, and then you can adapt. Therefore, young people should not worry too much about their choice.

III.

The project explores the key motivations behind young Zetlanders’ decision to pursue degrees in the humanities. The survey data reveals several compelling trends.

According to the table, the most significant factor is a ’Love for creativity’, chosen by 37% of respondents. This is closely followed by ’Interesting subjects’ at 28%. Together, these two intrinsic motivations account for a substantial majority (65%) of all choices. In comparison, practical considerations like ’Variety of jobs upon graduation’ (9%) and ’Personal fulfilment’ (6%) are markedly less influential. This stark contrast suggests that for most, the choice is driven by passion and intellectual curiosity rather than career pragmatism.

However, one potential problem with this passion-driven approach is the occasional lack of clear career planning, which can lead to uncertainty after graduation. A viable solution would be for universities to integrate more career-oriented modules, workshops on transferable skills, and internship opportunities directly into humanities programs, thus bridging the gap between passion and profession.

In conclusion, I firmly believe that choosing the right profession is of paramount importance. While following one’s passion, as the data shows, is crucial for long-term satisfaction, an ideal choice should also involve a realistic assessment of one’s skills and the job market. A balanced approach ensures both personal happiness and professional stability.



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