ЕГЭ по английскому языку

Вариант 4

Раздел 1. Аудирование

1

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Запись можно прослушать дважды.

Запись для прослушивания

1. Knowing German offers you more career opportunities.
2. German isn’t as difficult as you may think.
3. You can’t learn the German language quickly.
4. Writers, philosophers and scientists need to learn German.
5. I learn German because I’m attracted by the culture.
6. Some unique academic books exist only in German.
7. German is almost an impossible language to learn.

Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

Ответ:

2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Запись можно прослушать дважды.

Запись для прослушивания

A. Greg studied in Russia for a year.
B. Mary wants Greg to give her some advice.
C. Mary still needs to get a visa to Russia.
D. Greg thinks Mary shouldn’t take cash.
E. Greg and Mary live in London.
F. Mary always tips waiters in restaurants.
G. Greg disliked Russian soups.

Ответ:

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Запись можно прослушать дважды.

Запись для прослушивания

3

What do we learn about Maggie’s musical education?

1) She didn’t have a special music talent.
2) She attended a musical school for 9 years.
3) She didn’t like playing the piano very much.

Ответ:

4

Why did Maggie want to become an actress?

1) This profession runs in her family.
2) She wanted to overcome the stage fright.
3) Acting on stage felt natural to her.

Ответ:

5

What does Maggie say about directors and directing?

1) She thinks David Lynch is the best director.
2) She feels she could herself direct a film one day.
3) She thinks she was fortunate to work with many talented directors.

Ответ:

6

What does Maggie say is the most important thing for her about a film?

1) The story.
2) The screenplay.
3) The partners.

Ответ:

7

Maggie often plays mothers because …

1) such roles provide lots of opportunities to an actress.
2) people like her in such roles.
3) she is a future mother herself.

Ответ:

8

What does Maggie think of her appearance?

1) She thinks she should take care of the way she looks on screen.
2) She thinks her looks don’t interfere with her job.
3) She thinks she’s very beautiful.

Ответ:

9

What does Maggie love about being an actress?

1) Being able to play both men and women.
2) Being able to express complex characters.
3) Being able to look beautiful on screen.

Ответ:

Раздел 2. Чтение

10

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Building materials
2. The longest on Earth
3. Safe travel
4. Designing a building
5. Invented by accident
6. Comfortable living
7. How did they do it?
8. Why seasons change

A. Most of Africa’s rural peoples use natural resources that are locally available for their homes. In grasslands, people typically use grass to cover the walls and roofs. In forested areas, they use hardwoods as well as bamboo and raffia palm. Earth and clay are also major resources used in construction. In areas with few natural resources, people often live as nomads, moving from place to place. Instead of making permanent homes, they usually use simple shelters or tents made of animal skins and woven hair.

B. An architect must consider how a structure will be used and by whom. An apartment building, a palace, a hospital, a museum, an airport, and a sports arena all have different construction requirements. Another factor is the ideas the structure should communicate. For example, some buildings are made to impress people with a display of power and wealth; others – to make everyone feel welcome. Other things to consider are the location and surrounding environment, including weather, and the cost of materials.

C. Did you know that an eleven-year-old child first created the Popsicle? The boy’s name was Frank Epperson. In 1905, Frank left a mixture of water and powdered soda out on his porch by mistake. It also contained a stir stick. That night, fortunately for Frank, the temperatures fell to a record low. As a result, he discovered the substance had frozen to the stick, and a frozen fruit flavoured ice treat was created. He decided to call it the epsicle, which was later patented by him and named as Popsicle.

D. As Earth goes around the sun, the North Pole points to the same direction in space. For about six months every year, the North Pole is tilted towards the sun. During this time, the Northern Hemisphere gets more direct sunlight than the Southern Hemisphere and more hours of daylight. During the other six months, the North Pole is tilted away from the sun. When the Northern Hemisphere gets the most sunlight, it experiences spring and summer. At the same time, the Southern Hemisphere gets autumn and winter.

E. In southern Peru, there is an isolated plateau where the wind almost never blows. Here, around the year 400 to 650 AD, the people of the Nazca culture created the famous Nazca lines, by removing the red stones covering the ground so that the white earth beneath was visible. These Nazca lines are actually portraits of animals such as monkeys, birds or fish. It is a mystery how such a primitive civilization could create such artwork with precision when they had no means of viewing their work from the air.

F. Antarctica, which is the southernmost and fifth largest continent, does not have twenty-four-hour periods divided into days and nights. In the South Pole, the sun rises on about September 21 and moves in a circular path until it sets on about March 22. This “day”, or summer, is six months long. During this period, if the weather conditions are good, the sun can be seen twenty-four hours a day. From March 22 until September 21, the South Pole is dark, and Antarctica has its “night”, or winter.

G. Any ship that hits an iceberg can be damaged. The most famous iceberg in history sank the “Titanic”, a ship travelling in the northern Atlantic Ocean, on April 15, 1912. The ship’s side scraped the iceberg, which tore holes in the hull. Within three hours, the ship was at the bottom of the ocean. After the loss of the “Titanic”, several nations worked together to establish the International Ice Patrol. Today the U.S. Coast Guard runs the patrol, which warns ships about icebergs floating in Atlantic shipping routes.

Ответ:

11

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя.

Russian souvenirs

 Russia is famous for its diversity, as well as its hospitality. The best way to show Russia to someone is to bring home something special. Matryoshka and balalaika are quite stereotypical presents. There are many other goods A ______________________.

 Woolen shawls have always been popular in Russia because of cold winters. The shawls made in Pavlovsky Posad, B ______________________, are considered to be a traditional Russian gift. Woolen shawls and scarves have been made there since 1795. A wide shawl with a beautiful original pattern on it may be used like a blanket. It is nice to cover oneself up with it sitting in the armchair, watching a movie, C ______________________. The Pavlovsky Posad manufacture produces scarves for men as well. They can be bought through the Internet, or in brand stores, D ______________________.

 Belyovskaya pastila is a souvenir E ______________________. It has been made since the 19th century in the town of Belyov near Tula. This is a very special kind of Russian confection. Though it is called “pastila”, it is not a marshmallow style delicacy. Belyovskaya pastila is made of dried apples. After they have been dried, they are mixed with egg whites and sugar and whipped. Belyovskaya pastila is similar to a cake, F ______________________ of apples. It is considered to be a natural product, and it is not of average price. Tourists can buy this kind of sweet at some confectioner’s shops throughout Moscow.

1. that one may buy in Moscow as a souvenir
2. which are situated in the centre of Moscow
3. that pleases the people with a sweet tooth
4. although it has a slightly sour taste
5. which is a town not very far from Moscow
6. riding a bike around the villages in Russia
7. reading a book, or drinking coffee or tea

Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

Ответ:

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

iGeneration: teenagers affected by phones

 One day last summer, around noon, I called Athena, a 13-year-old who lives in Houston, Texas. She answered her phone – she has had an iPhone since she was 11 – sounding as if she’d just woken up. We chatted about her favorite songs and TV shows, and I asked her what she likes to do with her friends. “We go to the mall,” she said. “Do your parents drop you off?” I asked, recalling my own middleschool days, in the 1980s, when I’d enjoy a few parent-free hours shopping with my friends. “No – I go with my family,” she replied. “We’ll go with my mom and brothers and walk a little behind them. I just have to tell my mom where we are going. I have to check in every hour or every 30 minutes.”

 Those mall trips are infrequent – about once a month. More often, Athena and her friends spend time together on their phones, unchaperoned. Unlike the teens of my generation, who might have spent an evening tying up the family landline with gossip, they talk on Snapchat, a smartphone app that allows users to send pictures and videos that quickly disappear. They make sure to keep up their Snapstreaks, which show how many days in a row they have Snapchatted with each other. She told me she had spent most of the summer hanging out alone in her room with her phone. That is just the way her generation is, she said. “We didn’t know any life other than with iPads or iPhones. I think we like our phones more than we like actual people.”

 Some generational changes are positive, some are negative, and many are both. More comfortable in their bedrooms than in a car or at a party, today’s teens are physically safer than teens have ever been. They are markedly less likely to get into a car accident and, having less of a taste for alcohol than their predecessors, are less susceptible to drinking’s attendant ills.

 Psychologically, however, they are more vulnerable than Millennials were: rates of teen depression and suicide have skyrocketed since 2011. It is not an exaggeration to describe iGen as being on the brink of the worst mental-health crisis in decades. Much of this deterioration can be traced to their phones.

 However, in my conversations with teens, I saw hopeful signs that kids themselves are beginning to link some of their troubles to their ever-present phone. Athena told me that when she does spend time with her friends in person, they are often looking at their device instead of at her. “I’m trying to talk to them about something, and they don’t actually look at my face,” she said. “They’re looking at their phone, or they’re looking at their Apple Watch.” “What does that feel like, when you’re trying to talk to somebody face-to-face and they’re not looking at you?” I asked. “It kind of hurts,” she said. “It hurts. I know my parents’ generation didn’t do that. I could be talking about something super important to me, and they wouldn’t even be listening.”

 Once, she told me, she was hanging out with a friend who was texting her boyfriend. “I was trying to talk to her about my family, and what was going on, and she was like, ‘Uh-huh, yeah, whatever.’ So I took her phone out of her hands and I threw it at the wall.”

 Though it is aggressive behavior that I don’t support, on the other hand – it is a step towards a life with limited phone use. So, if I were going to give advice for a happy adolescence, it would be straightforward: put down the phone, turn off the laptop, and do something – anything – that does not involve a screen.

12

According to the author, in her childhood she used to …

1) watch TV a lot.
2) call her mother every half an hour.
3) go to the mall with her family.
4) do the shopping with her friends.

Ответ:

13

Which of the following does Athena do monthly?

1) Goes to the mall with her family.
2) Uses the Snapchat.
3) Invites friends to her place.
4) Changes her iPhone.

Ответ:

14

For Athena’s peers spending time alone in their rooms seems …

1) natural.
2) soothing.
3) awkward.
4) difficult.

Ответ:

15

Which of the following is NOT true about iGen teenagers, according to the author?

1) Most of them feel extremely unhappy.
2) It is easy to hurt them psychologically.
3) They prefer loneliness to company.
4) They have more physical health problems.

Ответ:

16

That in “I know my parents’ generation didn’t do that” (paragraph 5) refers to …

1) being glued to their phones.
2) behaving in a mean way.
3) listening attentively to friends.
4) discussing their problems.

Ответ:

17

The fact that Athena threw away her friend’s phone proves that …

1) smartphones can cause mental health problems.
2) teenagers know the problems caused by phones.
3) smartphones make teenagers more aggressive.
4) her friend thought she was doing the right thing.

Ответ:

18

What does the author suggest in her article?

1) Phone use by young people should be limited.
2) Smartphones cause violent behavior.
3) Smartphones are not safe.
4) There are good and bad sides in using smartphones.

Ответ:

Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст / приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, выделенные слова в строках 19–24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Каждое слово соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–24.

19

The Thorn Birds

The Thorn Birds is a 1977 bestselling novel by the Australian author Colin McCullough. The story gives information about life on Australian sheep stations, but it also includes a dramatic love story.

20

The book the writer international fame as soon as it was published.

21

In 1983 it was adapted into a TV miniseries Richard Chamberlain and Rachel Ward.

22

GPS functions

Car GPS Tracking appears a lot in new vehicles, offering drivers tracking and navigation. Yet, the inventions are even more modern and sophisticated, offering extra opportunities to people.

23

Smart box technology is one example of how car GPS tracking systems to lower car insurance.

24

If the driver the rules, he gets a discount or an insurance premium. Without doubt, this new technology will become popular among drivers very soon.

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от выделенных слов в строках 25–29 однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Каждое слово соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 25–29.

25

Auckland

Auckland is the largest and most populous city in New Zealand. The of Auckland is getting close to 1.4 million residents.

26

It is situated in the North Island of the country, between the Waitakere Ranges and the Hauraki Gulf.

27

The city enjoys an oceanic climate, which is to the climate in most of Europe.

28

It is a popular destination for numerous immigrants to New Zealand. Expats have an overall good experience when staying in Auckland. Most expats find it very easy to communicate with the locals, who are very .

29

Another positive thing about Auckland is the amount of nature and free space, which is appreciated a lot, especially by those coming from more densely inhabited .

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30–36. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 30–36, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Two years in a hut

 Henry Thompson, a writer, built a hut on the shore of the pond and lived there all alone for two years. He did this for two reasons: because he wanted to 30  Выберите... 1) prove 2) ensure 3) agree 4) secure that people spend too much time and money on food and clothes and because he wanted a perfectly quiet chance to write more books. 31  Выберите... 1) According 2) Regarding 3) Including 4) Concerning to the writer, he spent only one hundred dollars a year while he lived in this hut. He raised beans on his land, ate wild berries, caught fish and “went visiting” his friends and neighbours now and then. To buy his woodsman’s clothes and a few necessities, he planted gardens, painted houses, and cut wood for his friends.

 This period influenced Henry’s creative work a lot. He wrote a book called “The Wood” which 32  Выберите... 1) speaks 2) tells 3) says 4) talks us all about these seven or eight hundred days he lived in his hut. Several other books also describe the time when he 33  Выберите... 1) used 2) made 3) kept 4) held to live all by himself. These sold very well. In all of them Henry was boasting that he had found the only sensible way to live. “I am for simple living, and I 34  Выберите... 1) amuse 2) please 3) satisfy 4) enjoy being alone!” he would declare in his books. He 35  Выберите... 1) makes 2) gives 3) turns 4) takes you feel, when you read his books, that it is fine to walk around the fields, sniffing the wild grape and the green grass, and that no one can find pleasure like the man who rows, and skates, and swims. 36  Выберите... 1) Although 2) Otherwise 3) Moreover 4) However , people passing by the pond used to hear him whistling old ballads, or playing very softly and beautifully on a flute, and they thought he sounded lonely and sad.

Раздел 4. Письменная речь

37

You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Ronny:

Write an email to Ronny.
In your message:
– answer his questions;
– ask 3 questions about his uncle.

Write 100–140 words.
Remember the rules of email writing.

Ответ:

38

Imagine that you are doing a project on how teenagers relax after a busy day in Zetland. You have found some data on the subject – the results of the opinion polls (see the table below).

Comment on the data in the table and give your opinion on the subject of the project.

Write 200–250 words.

Use the following plan:
– make an opening statement on the subject of the project;
– select and report 2–3 facts;
– make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;
– outline a problem that can arise with having a rest and suggest a way of solving it;
– conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of relaxing well in our lives.

Ответ:

Выбери верный вариант:

This project explores the preferred methods of relaxation among teenagers in Zetland after a demanding day. The survey data reveals a clear preference for active and socially engaging forms of rest.

The most popular way to unwind, chosen by 38% of respondents, is having a hobby. A significant portion, 31%, prefers spending time with friends. In sharp contrast, more passive activities like sleeping (15%) or simply eating tasty food (6%) are considerably less common. This comparison clearly indicates that Zetland teenagers predominantly seek relaxation through engagement, creativity, and social interaction rather than through basic physiological recovery. It highlights their active approach to managing stress and free time.

However, one common problem with such active relaxation is the risk of over-scheduling free time, turning leisure into another source of pressure or exhaustion. A viable solution is to consciously plan periods of «doing nothing» or unstructured time to allow for genuine mental recovery without any goals or social obligations.

In conclusion, I firmly believe that the ability to relax effectively is crucial for maintaining mental and physical health, especially in our fast-paced world. Quality rest is not a waste of time but a necessary process that recharges our energy, boosts productivity, and prevents burnout. Therefore, the conscious choice of relaxation methods, as demonstrated by these teenagers, is a vital life skill.

Teenagers in Zetland relax in different ways. The table shows that 38% like hobbies, 31% meet friends, 15% sleep, 10% walk, and 6% eat good food. These are all good ways to rest.

If we compare hobbies and sleeping, we see that hobbies are more popular. This means teenagers are active. Also, walking is more popular than eating.

A problem with rest is that sometimes you don’t have time for it because of homework. To solve this, teachers should give less homework. Then teenagers could relax more.

So, relaxing is very important. Everyone needs to rest to feel good. If you don’t rest, you can get tired and sick. I think it’s better to relax with friends than alone.

While the table presents some statistics on teenage relaxation, I believe the data is incomplete as it doesn’t account for screen time. In my opinion, most teenagers actually relax by playing video games or watching TikTok, but these options weren’t included in the poll. The top choice in the table is «having a hobby» (38%), which might ironically include digital activities.

Comparing «walking in the open air» (10%) and «eating tasty food» (6%) is pointless, as both are fundamentally different categories. A more meaningful comparison would be between relaxation habits of teenagers and adults, but such data is unavailable.

A serious problem with modern rest is digital addiction, where time on devices doesn’t truly recharge a person. The solution is for the government to limit teenagers’ screen time through special applications.

Ultimately, I think the importance of relaxation is overrated. Constant development and hustle are more important for success. Therefore, teenagers should focus more on useful activities rather than just relaxing, even if the survey shows their current preferences.

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